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The 2007 Prize for Clinical Immunology went to:
Professor John Schiller (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA)
Professor Doug Lowy (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA)
Professor Ian Frazer (University of Queensland, Australia)
Who exploited their discoveries of the protein-peptide biology of the human papilloma virus to build the foundation for what has become an approved vaccine for this virus with the potential to prevent cervical cancers caused by subtypes of this virus.
The 2007 Prize for Basic Immunology was awarded to:
Professor Fred Alt (Pediatrics-Children's Hospital, Boston, USA)
Professor Klaus Rajewsky (Pediatrics-Children's Hospital, Boston, USA)
Professor Fritz Melchers (Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland)
For their discovery of novel and fundamental mechanisms of B lymphocyte physiology at the genetic, developmental and cell-receptor levels.
The 'Novartis Clinical Immunology Prize 2004' went to:
Professor Hugh O.McDevitt (Stanford University)
In the late 1960s he was first to identify the 'immune response' (IR) genes and map them to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), which caused a major paradigm shift in immunology. His work throughout has had a big impact on clinical research, e.g. the realization that the MHC genes play crucial roles in determining susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
The 'Novartis Basic Immunology Prize 2004' went to:
Professor Ralph M.Steinman (Rockefeller University, N.Y.)
who in the 1970s identified dendritic cells, as playing a key part in antigen presentation. The importance of dendritic cells extends from basic immunology to clinical applications in transplantation, vaccine design and cancer.
The 'Novartis Special Immunology Prize 2004':
As an exception the jury awarded a 'Special Novartis Immunology Prize' to
Professor Leonard A. Herzenberg(Stanford University)
for his pioneering work on fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) and the introduction of fluorescent-labelled antibodies as reliable FACS reagents. FACS analysis and sorting has made possible most of the real advances in both basic and clinical immunology in the last thirty years.
The 2001 Novartis Prize for Clinical Immunology was awarded to:
Professor Alain Fischer of the Hopital Necker, Paris, France,
for his ground-breaking research in the field of genetic disorders affecting the human immune system.
His studies have not only led to a better understanding of the molecular defects in immune competent cells of these patients, but also to successful gene therapy of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiences.
The 2001 Novartis Prize for Basic Immunology was shared between
Professor Klas Kärre of Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;
Professor Lorenzo Moretta of the University of Genova, Italy;
Professor Wayne Yokoyama of the University of Washington, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA,
for their ground-breaking scientific contributions to our understanding of Natural Killer cells and their molecular basis for their function.
The 1998 Novartis Prize for Clinical Immunology was divided between
Professor Barry Bloom from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York for his contribution to understanding the role of lymphocytes in macrophage migration and in immunity to tuberculosis;
Professor George MacKaness of the New York University Medical Centre for his work in elucidating cellular immunity against intracellular bacteria; and
Professor Andrew McMichael of Oxford University, UK for his work on the lymphocyte response to viral infections.
The 1998 Novartis Prize for Basic Immunology was shared between:
Professor Mark Davis, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA and
Professor Tak Mak, University of Toronto, Canada,
for their contribution to understanding the structure of the T-cell receptor.
The 1995 Sandoz Prize for Clinical Immunology was divided between:
Professor Robert S. Schwartz, editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, USA, one of the key movers in clinically orientated microbiology and
Professor Thierry Boon, of the Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium, for the seminal studies defining targets for anti-tumour immunity and his efforts to apply them clinically.
The 1995 Sandoz Prize for Basic Immunology was awarded jointly to four recipients:
Professor Melvin Cohn of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, USA;
Professor Kevin Lafferty of the John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia;
Professor Avrion Mitchison of the Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany; and
Professor David Talmage of the University of Colorado School of Medicine.
Their work focused on the hypothesis that the infectious process might play a special role in the induction of T-cell responses versus T-cell tolerance, with Professors Cohn and Lafferty being responsible for possible models to support the idea that T-cells require more than one signal to make a productive immune response.
In 1992 the Sandoz Prize was divided to allow awards to be made for both basic and clinical immunology.
The Sandoz Prize for Basic Immunology went to
Professor Jack Strominger, of Biochemistry at Harvard University, US,
for wide-ranging and innovative contributions to the science of immunology over the previous 20 years including the elucidation of the mechanism of T-cell recognition.
The 1992 Sandoz Prize for Clinical Immunology was shared by two scientists from Osaka University, Japan,
Professor Tadamitsu Kishimoto and
Toshio Hirano
who were the first to characterise the molecular structure of interleukin 6 and to desribe pathological processes associated with it.
The Sandoz Prize for Immunology was first awarded in 1990 to
Dr Max Cooper, of the University of Alabama, Birmingham, US and
Dr Jacques Miller, of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
for their work with T and B cells and how they interact in immune responses.
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